Pychological explanation

 Pychological explanation

Psychologists focus on abnormalities within the individual. Instead of genes, they examine personality disorders. Deviance is not associated with any personality disorder

Biosocial explanation

 Biosocial explanation

Sociobiologists explain deviance by looking for answers within individuals. They assume genetic predispositions lead people to such behaviors as crime and juvenile delinquency. They stress deviant behavior does not depend on our genes alone

Positive sanctions

 Positive sanctions

from smiles to formal rewards, are used to reward people for conforming to norms.

Negative sanctions

 Negative sanctions

range from frowns and gossip for breaking folkways to imprisonment and death for breaking mores.

Social control

 Social control

formal and informal means of enforcing norms

Social order

 Social order

a group's customary social arrangements

Stigma

 Stigma

Erving Goffman used term to refer to characteristics that discredit people. These include violations of norms of appearances(huge nose, facial birthmark) and norms of ability(blindness, deafness). Also includes involuntary membership, such as victim of AIDS. The stigma can become a persons master status.